In Vanuatu, kastom is more than just a word—it is a way of life. It encompasses the customs, beliefs, and ancestral practices passed down through generations, shaping the society and identity of the Ni-Vanuatu people. Deeply rooted in spirituality, rituals, and community traditions, kastom influences ceremonies, dance, art, clothing, and even village governance.
Each island in Vanuatu has its own variations of kastom, but all share a common vision of respect for ancestors, harmony with nature, and the transmission of knowledge. Exploring kastom is a journey into the heart of Vanuatu’s culture, offering a rare and authentic experience through unique rituals, stories, and craftsmanship.
Here are 10 must-do experiences to immerse yourself in kastom in Vanuatu:
1. Drink kava: A ritual of sharing and respect
Kava is a traditional beverage made from the root of the kava plant, a type of pepper. Known for its relaxing effects, it plays a central role in Ni-Vanuatu social and spiritual life. A symbol of community bonding and respect for tradition, kava is used in ceremonies, gatherings, and even conflict resolution. To experience it, visit a nakamal, a traditional kava bar, where you can taste the drink and learn about its preparation and cultural significance.
2. Witness the Nagol (Land Diving) on Pentecost
Nagol, or land diving, is one of the most spectacular rituals in the world. Every year, from April to June, men from Pentecost Island leap from tall wooden towers with vines tied around their ankles. This ancestral ceremony ensures a successful yam harvest and serves as a rite of passage for young men. To witness this incredible event, visit one of the Pentecost villages that host the ceremony every Saturday from April to June.
3. Visit a cultural village
Cultural villages in Vanuatu offer visitors a glimpse into a way of life where traditions remain strong. Exploring these villages allows you to admire traditional architecture, understand spiritual beliefs, and observe the social structure of communities. Visitors can participate in activities like basket weaving, yam farming, or listening to kastom stories told by village elders.
4. Discover sand drawing at the National Museum
Located in Port Vila, the Vanuatu National Museum is a fascinating gateway into the country’s history, art, and traditions. One of the most unique aspects of Ni-Vanuatu culture is sand drawing, a UNESCO-recognized intangible heritage. These intricate geometric patterns, drawn in the sand with a single continuous stroke, serve as a storytelling and knowledge-sharing tool. A visit to the museum offers live demonstrations of this art form, as well as exhibits on kastom artifacts and history.
5. Have a mama sew an island dress for you
The island dress is a vibrant, flowing garment traditionally worn by Ni-Vanuatu women. A symbol of modesty and tradition, it is often worn during ceremonies and community events. To experience this tradition firsthand, visit a local market and ask a mama to sew a custom island dress. Each fabric and pattern tells a story, and wearing an island dress is a wonderful way to connect with local culture.
6. Explore traditional carving at the handicraft market
Markets in Vanuatu are full of beautifully crafted wood carvings, tam-tams (slit drums), and woven goods. Wood carving is an art deeply rooted in kastom, often linked to spiritual beliefs and ancestral stories. By interacting with local artisans, you can learn about the symbolism behind each carving and take home a unique handcrafted souvenir with cultural significance.
7. Attend a festival on Ambrym island
Known as the island of black magic, Ambrym hosts spectacular festivals where traditional dances, mystical rituals, and ancestral storytelling take center stage. One of the most famous events is the Rom Dance, a mesmerizing performance where dancers wear intricately carved masks and banana-leaf costumes. Some festivals also feature black magic demonstrations, an integral part of Ambrym’s spiritual heritage. Attending one of these festivals is a rare opportunity to explore the island’s mystical traditions.
8. Witness a Kastom wedding
Traditional weddings in Vanuatu are more than just a union between two people—they are a major community event, marked by ritual exchanges. Pigs, woven mats, and kava play a key role in the bride price and family negotiations. If invited to a kastom wedding, you will witness vibrant ceremonies, share in a traditional feast, and enjoy kastom dances that accompany the celebration.
9. Learn about the importance of pigs and their tusk symbolism
In kastom culture, pigs represent wealth, power, and prestige. Their curved tusks are a form of currency used in weddings, reconciliation ceremonies, and leadership appointments. Visiting a kastom village allows you to learn about the significance of pig farming and the central role pigs play in Ni-Vanuatu society.
10. Watch or join a Kastom dance
Each island in Vanuatu has its own distinctive ritual dances, passed down through generations. These performances tell stories, express spiritual beliefs, and commemorate important community events. Accompanied by chants, drumming, and elaborate costumes, kastom dances offer an unforgettable spectacle. During festivals or village visits, you may have the chance to witness or even participate in these traditional dances for a deeper cultural immersion.
